【urbanization】总结：
Urbanization refers to the process by which rural areas transform into urban centers, characterized by population growth in cities, increased infrastructure development, and changes in economic and social structures. This phenomenon has been a major trend globally, especially in the 20th and 21st centuries, driven by factors such as industrialization, migration, and technological advancement. Urbanization brings both opportunities and challenges, including economic growth, improved living standards, but also issues like overcrowding, environmental degradation, and inequality.
The pace of urbanization varies across regions, with some countries experiencing rapid growth while others remain relatively stable. Understanding urbanization is crucial for policymakers, urban planners, and researchers who aim to create sustainable and livable cities.
表格：Urbanization 的关键特征与影响
| 特征/影响 | 描述 |
| 人口增长 | 城市人口迅速增加，尤其是发展中国家。 |
| 经济结构变化 | 从农业为主转向工业和服务业，推动经济增长。 |
| 基础设施扩展 | 道路、住房、水电等基础设施不断建设以满足城市需求。 |
| 社会结构变化 | 人口流动带来文化多样性，但也可能引发社会矛盾。 |
| 环境压力 | 城市扩张导致资源消耗增加，污染加剧，生态平衡受到威胁。 |
| 政策挑战 | 城市管理、交通、住房、就业等问题成为政府的重要议题。 |
| 技术驱动 | 科技进步促进智慧城市的发展，提高城市管理效率。 |
| 城乡差距 | 城市与农村之间的经济、教育、医疗差距可能扩大。 |
| 全球化影响 | 城市成为全球经济网络中的节点，吸引外资和人才。 |
| 可持续性问题 | 如何在城市发展中实现环境、经济和社会的平衡是当前的重要课题。 |
结语：
Urbanization 是全球发展的核心议题之一，它不仅改变了人们的生活方式，也对经济、环境和社会结构产生深远影响。未来，如何在推进城市化的同时确保可持续发展，将是各国面临的共同挑战。